Discrete Mathematics

What is Logic? Logic is concerned with all kinds of reasoning, whether they may be legal arguments or mathematical proofs or conclusions in a scientific theory based upon a set  of hypothesis.  Propositional logic: It is the simplest form of logic. Here the only statements that are considered are propositions, which contain no variables.   Because propositions contain no variables, they are either always true or always  false. Examples of propositions:  • 2 + 2 = 4. (Always true)  • 2 + 2 = 5. (Always false) Examples of non-propositions: • x + 2 = 4. (May be true, may not be true; it depends on the value of x.) • x · 0 = 0. (Always true, but it’s still not a proposition because of the variable.) • x · 0 = 1. (Always false, but not a proposition because of the variable.) Sentential Connectives: To construct rather complicated statements from simpler statements by using certain connecting words  or expressions. Atomic or Primary or Primitive: ...